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不景氣 slump （衰退 recession）
二板市場 the second board market
中國創業板 China Growth Enterprise Market
首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)
市場資本總額 market capitalization
法人股 institutional shares
內部股（非上市招股） private company shares
牛市 bull market
法律風險 legal risk
風險管理 risk management
堅持嚴格的貸款標準 maintain strong underwriting standards
六大風險 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)
信用風險 credit risk
供給學派 supply-side economist
第一產業（農業） agriculture (primary industry)
第二產業（工業） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)
第三產業（服務業） service industry (tertiary industry)
主要經濟指標 major economic indicators
國內生產總值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和勞務幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）
國民生產總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）
人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita
宏觀經濟 macro economy
互助基金 mutual fund
擴大內需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理預期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate consumption
長期國債 long-term treasury bonds
支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds
財政赤字和債務 deficits and the national debt
按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line
按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price
按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price
列入財政預算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
結售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
經常項目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account
開辦人民幣業務 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business
出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade
分期付款 pay by installment
保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押貸款 collateralised loans
住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan
貨幣主義者 monetarist
計劃經濟 planned economy
指令性計劃 mandatory plan
技術密集型 technology intensive
大規模生產 mass production
經濟林 cash tree
跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing
流動性風險 liquidity risk
操作風險 operational risk
內部審計 internal audit
拋售 bear sales
配套政策 supporting policies
中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）
四大國有商業銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks
中國銀行 Bank of china
中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and
中國建設銀行 Construction Bank of China
中國農業銀行 Agricultural Bank of China
招商銀行 China Merchants Bank
疲軟股票 soft stock
配股 allotment of shares
實際增長率 growth rate in real terms
年均增長率 average growth rate per annum
投資回報率 rate of return on investment
外貿進出口總額 total foreign trade value
實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place
消費價格指數 consumer price index (CPI)
零售價格指數 retail price index （RPI）
生活費用價格總指數 total price index of living cost
生活費用 income available for living expenses
扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis
居民儲蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit
恩格爾系數（食品開支占總支出的比例） Engel coefficient
基尼系數（衡量地區差別） Gini coefficient
購買力平價法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區的經濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內購買力）
片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫經濟 bubble economy 經濟過熱 overheating of economy
通貨膨脹 inflation
實體經濟 the real economy
經濟規律 laws of economics
市場調節 market regulation
優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources
規模經營優勢 advantage of economies of scale
勞動密集型 labor intensive
市場風險 market risk
收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy
適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用緊縮 credit crunch
加強國有商業銀行內部資金調度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理劃分貸款審批權限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector
適銷對路的產品 the right products / readily marketable products
國有企業 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集體企業 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私營企業 private businesses
民營企業 privately-run businesses
中小企業 small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三資企業（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
經常性貸款 commercial lending
經常性支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業和高新技術企業上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
進一步規范和發展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監會 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數 composite index
納斯達克（高技術企業板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
主板市場 the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現代化建設分三步走的戰略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發達國家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經濟的聯系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉化為現實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
適應市場經濟需要的法律法規體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經濟管理體制可能會出現一些不適應 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行業和企業可能會受到沖擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中國國情，發揮自身優勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經濟全球化的挑戰 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經濟效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經濟信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy
拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺） in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產業 sunrise industry
招標投標制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經濟 IT economy
外向型經濟 export-oriented economy
信息時代 information age
全球化 globalization （全球性globality）
信譽風險 reputational risk
風險評級 risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資（貸款）組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業產負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨資商業銀行不良資產比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少數中小存款金融機構不能支付到期債務 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風險 address financial risks
提高企業借貸和行使民事責任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
監事會 supervisory board
實行謹慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級分類法劃分貸款質量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業管理、規模經營 business segregation, economy of scale
規范金融機構市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發展銀行 State Development Bank
知識經濟 knowledge-based economy
網絡經濟 Internet-based networked economy
指導性計劃 guidance plan
社會主義市場經濟（中國） socialist market economy
社會市場經濟（德國） social market economy
新經濟（美國） new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實業銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China
商業銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
保險法 Law of Insurance
證券法 Law of Securities
巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles
監管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism
風險意識 consciousness of risk prevention
事前監管 proactive regulation and supervision
account number 帳目編號
depositor 存戶
pay-in slip 存款單
a deposit form 存款單
a banding machine 自動存取機
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收據
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存單
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 雙簽
to endorse 背書
endorser 背書人
to cash 兌現
to honor a check 兌付
to dishonor a check 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
check 支票
check book 支票本
order check 記名支票
bearer check 不記名支票
crossed check 橫線支票
blank check 空白支票
rubber check 空頭支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根
cash check 現金支票
traveler's check 旅行支票
check for transfer 轉帳支票
outstanding check 未付支票
canceled check 已付支票
forged check 偽支票
Bandar's note 莊票，銀票
banker 銀行家
president 行長
savings bank 儲蓄銀行
Chase Bank 大通銀行
National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行
Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行
Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 發行幣銀行
commercial bank 商業銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行
member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行
discount bank 貼現銀行
exchange bank 匯兌銀行
requesting bank 委托開證銀行
issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行
negotiation bank 議付銀行
confirming bank 保兌銀行
paying bank 付款銀行
associate banker of collection 代收銀行
consigned banker of collection 委托銀行
clearing bank 清算銀行
local bank 本地銀行
domestic bank 國內銀行
overseas bank 國外銀行
unincorporated bank 錢莊
branch bank 銀行分行
trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行
trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司
unit trust 信托投資公司
trust institution 銀行的信托部
credit department 銀行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商業信貸公司（貼現公司）
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所
credit union 合作銀行
credit bureau 商業興信所
self-service bank 無人銀行
land bank 土地銀行
construction bank 建設銀行
industrial and commercial bank 工商銀行
bank of communications 交通銀行
mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行
post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行
industrial bank 實業銀行
home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行
reserve bank 準備銀行
chartered bank 特許銀行
corresponding bank 往來銀行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行
investment bank 投資銀行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 進出口銀行
joint venture bank 合資銀行
money shop, native bank 錢莊
credit cooperatives 信用社
clearing house 票據交換所
public accounting 公共會計
business accounting 商業會計
cost accounting 成本會計
depreciation accounting 折舊會計
computerized accounting 電腦化會計
general ledger 總帳
subsidiary ledger 分戶帳
cash book 現金出納帳
cash account 現金帳
journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳
bad debts 壞帳
investment 投資
surplus 結余
idle capital 游資
economic cycle 經濟周期
economic boom 經濟繁榮
economic recession 經濟衰退
economic depression 經濟蕭條
economic crisis 經濟危機
economic recovery 經濟復蘇
inflation 通貨膨脹
deflation 通貨收縮
devaluation 貨幣貶值
revaluation 貨幣增值
international balance of payment 國際收支
favorable balance 順差
adverse balance 逆差
hard currency 硬通貨
soft currency 軟通貨
international monetary system 國際貨幣制度
the purchasing power of money 貨幣購買力
money in circulation 貨幣流通量
note issue 紙幣發行量
national budget 國家預算
national gross product 國民生產總值
public bond 公債
stock, share 股票
debenture 債券
treasury bill 國庫券
debt chain 債務鏈
direct exchange 直接（對角）套匯
indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯
cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外匯儲備
foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動
foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機
discount 貼現
discount rate, bank rate 貼現率
gold reserve 黃金儲備
money (financial) market 金融市場
stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 經紀人
commission 傭金
bookkeeping 簿記
bookkeeper 簿記員
an application form 申請單
bank statement 對帳單
letter of credit 信用證
strong room, vault 保險庫
equitable tax system 等價稅則
specimen signature 簽字式樣
banking hours, business hours 營業時間
share, equity, stock 股票、股權
negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券
closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金
open-end securities investment fund 開放式證券投資基金
market capitalization 市值
mark-to-market 逐日盯市
clearing and settlement 清算/結算
put / call option 看跌/看漲期權
rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國存托憑證/存股證
GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托憑證/存股證
institutional investor 機構投資者
proprietary trading 自營
market manipulation 市場操縱
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開發行
securities 證券
premium 溢價
share capital 股本
composite index 綜合指數
capital market 資本市場
liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠桿交易機構
subscribe 申購
underwriter承銷商
road show 路演
primary market 一級市場
information disclosure 信息披露
blue chips 藍籌股
gilt-edged bond 金邊債券
rating agency 評級機構
credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平倉
bond, debenture, debts 債券
convertible bond 可轉換債券
corporate bond 企業債券
fund manager 基金經理/管理公司
fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行
p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率
payment versus delivery 銀券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產品
margins, collateral 保證金
bonus share 紅股
dividend 紅利/股息
retail / private investor 個人投資者/散戶
broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 內幕交易
prospectus招股說明書
merger and acquisition收購兼并
warrant 認股權證
raised capital/proceeds 籌資
component index 成份指數
turnover rate 換手率
monetary market 貨幣市場
hedge fund 對沖基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織
issuer 發行人
intermediary 中介機構
secondary listing 第二上市
secondary market 二級市場
controlling shareholder 控股股東
red chips紅籌股
junk bond 立即債券
securities loan 融券
financing 融資
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